Curriculum Vitae Aas Handayani

 

PREFACE

 

PREFACE

Thank to the Almighty God for His bless and grace to the writer for accomplishing the Final Project of Computer Assisted Language Learning with the tittle  “How To Improve English Speaking”.

The writer also wants to deliver her sincere thanks to all the people who has given their hands to help her completing this project. It is written to complete the final task of Computer Assisted Language Learning subject. It is the project to discuss that there are several thing that we can do for improving the speaking skill while from the basic.

The writer realize that it is still imperfect but she has a high expectation that his work may help the reader to learn about the speaking skill.

 

 

Makassar, June 22^nd 2021

 

 

Aas Handayani

Lesson 1: The Science Behind Improving English Speaking

 

          English language is a universal language and one of the simplest and  easiest languages in the world. It is the official language in a large number of countries, it is estimated that the number of people in the world that use English to communicate on a regular basis is two billion. English language is the dominant business language, and it has become almost necessity for people to spoken English, because there are many motivations to learn this language, such as: the modern world language of media, international economic, tourism, technology and scientific articles, and the Internet that demands a good knowledge of English especially of spoken English. English language is considered as foreign language of a lot of Arab countries, like Jordan, Iraq, Palestine, Arab Gulf, and others. Jordan uses it in the government, some formal situations, in addition, of the Jordanian universities; they use it as a first language in lectures and debates. While reading and listening are considered to be the two receptive skills in language learning , and writing and speaking are the  order two productive skills necessary to be integrated  in the development of effective communication. Of  all the four macro English skills, speaking seems to be the most important skill required for communication. Zaremba, (2006).

However, speaking  for  special  communication  usually  occurs  in  contexts  where  speaking performance is conducted for an audience in differing circumstances. The principles of public speaking  are also  intertwined  with the  development  of speaking  for  special communication. When  a  speech  involving  an  audience  is  taken  into  consideration,  the  act  of  speaking  is considered to be more complicated than general everyday conversation and a number of other skills are therefore included in the speaking delivery process, e.g. choosing topics, organizing thoughts, tailoring the message, and adapting to listener feedback (Lucas, 2001).

Finally, speaking English language skill is one of the important of four  language skills to be developed as a means  of effective communication in  both first  and second  language learning context  in  Jordan  Universities,  particularly  at  Ajloun  National  University.  Effective communication by mean of speaking usually creates a number of benefits for both speakers and business  organizations  for  example  effective  speaking  skill  results  in  achievements  during ceremonial speaking activities, job training, activities, job interview, and other business purposes (Osborn, et al 2008).

Cotter (2007) argues that as students learn to use English in the classroom setting, they should also  be  involved in  learning about  how language works. They should  be asked to  reflect on various aspects of language, to develop a common language for talking about language, and to use this knowledge to evaluate texts critically in terms of effectiveness, meaning and accuracy. Someone who speaks well would similarly understand when to use different grammar points.

Lesson 2: Practice With Native Speakers As Often As Possible

 

Practice makes perfect, so do speak English in plenty. Some people think that they do not have the opportunity to practice speaking because they do not live in the US or another English-speaking country. They might also be discouraged because English is not used at their workplace, or they do not know any native speakers.

There is some validity in those excuses, but do not let them hinder your learning. Thanks to the growth of globalization and technology, you have more chances than ever to practice speaking English. It is impossible to be really fluent in English without practicing with native speakers. You can memorize thousands of words and you can know all the grammar rules by heart, but if you don’t practice speaking with native speakers you will never become truly fluent. Lot of ESL students expect to learn grammar and simply be able to speak fluently. While comprehending grammar may be simple, understanding how to use it and how to use it appropriately and quickly in real conversations is the most difficult challenge for many English learners. How do we get over this challenge? Practice as often as possible preferably with native English speakers. Immersion is the best way to learn English and if you can practice more with native speakers you will become fluent faster.

Practicing speaking in English with anyone is a good practice however for best results you need to have most conversations with native English speakers. Speaking English is extremely habitual, and if you have most of your English conversations with non-native English speakers who themselves are not fluent or do not have the right pronunciation, you are most likely to form the same flawed language patterns. We have found that this is the most effective way for English language learners to get better. Of course practicing English with non-native English speakers is better than not having any English conversations at all but comes with risks such as bad habit forming.

Link youtube: https://youtu.be/2pmBDZM6tp0

Lesson 3: You Can’t Learn to Speak English The Same Way You Learn History or Biology

 

Learning to speak English (or any language for that matter) is about understanding the flow of the language. There are a lot of elements in the English language that makes it function but also make it difficult to learn. English speakers need to get an intuitive feel how these components sync with each other. Things such as prepositions, figures of speech, and slang, are impossible to master by just memorizing theory. This is where learning to speak English becomes different from learning Biology or History. Theory becomes useless unless you have an intuitive understanding of the application. Practice is the key to improving Spoken English.

The theory of public speaking developed by scientists has certain advantages and disadvantages that will continue to be refined along with the development of knowledge, evaluation, and so on that scientists can do freely. Some of the advantages of existing public speaking theory include being able to describe the elements in public communication completely, being able to show things that need to be considered in order to carry out public communication, and so on. It's just that public speaking theory in general doesn't talk about how to do public speaking calmly, overcome nervousness, and so on and therefore a lot of research and observation can be done about how someone makes public communication interestingly, looks calm or mastery, and so on.

Lesson 4: Don’t Start With Grammar

 

Most English educators still try to dump tens and thousands of grammar rules in to their students’ heads only to create a huge barrier in the students mind. As shown in many studies conducted across the world and across multiple languages, most students who try to master grammar before getting an intuitive feel of how the language flows fail miserably or give up, out of lack of confidence. Think about how you started speaking your native language. Did you start by learning all the grammar in the world or did you just speak? The same approach applies when you start your English study. Once you get in to the habit of having conversations in English, you start speaking freely and the grammar rules you have learned so far start making more sense to you. This is why Spoken English Practice follows an approach where emphasis is placed getting students to have conversations in English rather than to waste time learning millions of grammar rules. At Spoken English Practice, our sessions are 100% real life conversations students have with native English speakers. Our English study method is practice based rather than theory based.

Just like when we learn Indonesian from a young age, at first we don't really care about the grammar rules. Until finally we get used to the Indonesian language itself and catch subconsciously how the grammar is used. From here we can finally imitate and use grammar in speech and writing as we have heard and seen. This process is referred to as 'language acquisition' or 'language acquisition'. This process often occurs unconsciously.

So, if you want to be successful in mastering English, we should use the same method when we first learned Indonesian. How to? We can start by getting used to English; for examples by watching movies, listening to music, chatting, listening and paying attention to people talking, and reading. All activities are conducted in English.

When we are used to listening, reading, speaking, and writing in English, we will unconsciously get used to the correct form of grammar or grammar. Not everyone who is proficient in English is a graduate of English Literature, which means that not everyone learns grammar in detail during college. This is because English is not only about grammar.

You can watch of the link below:

https://youtu.be/WxfsZSyMvQ0

Lesson 5: Pronunciation is About Practice

 

 

Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect (correct pronunciation) or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language. Practice makes perfect, so do speak English in plenty. Some people think that they do not have the opportunity to practice speaking because they do not live in the US or another English-speaking country. They might also be discouraged because English is not used at their workplace, or they do not know any native speakers. There is some validity in those excuses, but do not let them hinder your learning. Thanks to the growth of globalization and technology, you have more chances than ever to practice speaking English.

 Recording yourself gives you the chance to listen to and critique your English speaking skills. You can take note of things like sentence structure, word choice, pronunciation and fluency. This can give you a better idea of what your strengths are and which areas need more work. Activities that can do to strengthen speaking skills.

·   Retelling a story

The first activity involves narrative story telling. William Stout teaches at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. His specialty is teaching English as a foreign language. He says some speaking activities do not give an accurate picture of your true language skills. But narrative storytelling does. Narrative storytelling is the retelling of a story. It can be a short piece of fiction, such as a program from the VOA Learning English series American Stories, or it can be the retelling of a news event. Or you can talk about something that happened in your own life.

Stout explains that narrative story telling frees your mind from forming complex ideas, which lets you speak more easily in English. On the other hand, he notes, an activity requiring your opinion can slow you down. That is because it forces you to think about your ideas as you say them. For the narrative storytelling activity, Stout says try to provide as many details as possible and aim for a recording of three minutes or fewer.

“Don’t just say, ‘I studied at the library.’ Say, ‘I walked into the library and I thought about where I should sit. And most of the seats were taken, so I looked around and I finally found a spot, but it was near the window. But it was chilly, so I had to keep my coat on.’ Something like that." The goal in giving such detail is not to fill the time, but to speak at a faster speed because you do not have to stop and think of each idea separately.

·   Giving, getting directions

The second activity involves giving and getting directions. Wynter Oshiberu teaches English in the Washington, D.C. area. She works for the International Center for Language Studies and Montgomery Community College. She is also a volunteer English teacher for a nonprofit group called Paper Airplanes. Oshiberu says giving directions is a real-world skill and one you can use almost anywhere. And you can train by yourself if you do not have people to speak English with.

The first step in the activity is to choose a starting point and a destination. For the starting point, she says, choose a place that you know well, like your home or a nearby bus or train station. For the destination, choose a place you need to travel to more often, such as the supermarket, train station, your work place or favorite eating place. Then, record yourself giving the directions. The recording should not be longer than one minute.